Identify and use the commutative property of addition to facilitate computation with whole numbers (e.g., "I know that 9 + 8 + 1 = 9 + 1 + 8. Adding becomes easier because that gives 10 + 8 = 18.").

Identify the properties of zero and one in multiplication (i.e., any number multiplied by zero equals zero; any number multiplied by 1 equals the original number).

Identify and use the associative property of addition to facilitate computation with whole numbers (e.g., "I know that 17 + 16 equals 17 + 3 + 13. This is easier to add in my head because I get 20 + 13 = 33.").

Determine the inverse relationship between multiplication and division.

Identify and use the commutative property of multiplication to facilitate computation with whole numbers (e.g., "I know that 15 x 7 x 2 equals 15 x 2 x 7. This is easier to multiply in my head because I get 30 x 7 = 210."

Identify and use the distributive property of multiplication over addition to facilitate computation with whole numbers (e.g., "I know that 9 x 52 equals 9 x 50 + 9 x 2. This is easier to calculate in my head because I get 450 + 18 = 468.").

Determine the missing number in equations involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Determine the unknown variable in equations involving time, distance, and speed.